Dwelling houses and secondary dwellings

 ✔

*

Small scale alterations or additions

 ✔

*

Change of use

 ✔

*

Exhibition home

 ✔

*

Dual occupancies, semi-detached dwellings and attached dwellings

 ✔

*

Advertising signs

 ✔

*

Multi-dwelling housing and residential flat buildings

3-10 dwellings

>10 dwellings

Seniors housing

3-10 dwellings

>10 dwellings

Industrial development

<$2.5M

≥$2.5M

Special uses e.g. place of public worship, health services facility or educational establishment 

<$2.5M

≥$2.5M

Commercial development including visitor and tourist facilities

< $2.5M

≥$2.5M

Subdivision

<20 lots

≥20 lots

Designated development

Merit

Development in or adjacent to open space or historically, visually or ecologically sensitive sites or natural areas.

Merit

Category 1

Landscaping identified on site plan. 

Plans clearly identify existing and proposed trees, including those proposed for removal.

Show location and dimensions of landscaping and deep soil zones on the site plan including whether on a structure. 

Category 2

The following landscape documentation: 

1. plans clearly identify trees and vegetation proposed for removal
2. site survey and analysis
3. landscape plan. Refer to the Landscape Technical Manual for further information on the landscape plan.

Landscape planning documentation is prepared by competent and experienced designers such as:

• landscape architects
• landscape designers with relevant tertiary qualifications such as TAFE and/or members of the Australian Institute of Landscape Designers and Managers.

Specialist advice such as horticulture or Arboriculture should be obtained from members of the Arboriculture Association of Australia, or the Australian Institute of Horticulture with minimum AQF5 qualification.

The name and contact telephone number of the author are to be indicated on the required documentation.

All required landscape works are implemented by members of the Landscape Association of NSW and/or similar qualified contractors.

Category 3

The following landscape documentation:

1. plans clearly identifying trees and vegetation proposed for removal
2. site survey and analysis
3. landscape plan. Refer to the Landscape Technical Manual for further information on the landscape plan.

All documentation for Category 3 development is prepared by a landscape architect or similar qualified professional practising at the membership level of Registered Landscape Architect of the Australian Institute of Landscape Architects, or as determined.

The name and contact telephone number of the author is to be indicated on the required documentation.

All required landscape works are implemented by members of the Landscape Contractors Association of NSW and/or similar qualified contractors.

All categories

Landscape plans are to integrate and be consistent with related plans and reports:

1. asset protection zone and other requirements for bushfire risk management purposes
2. trees and vegetation requirements in C3 Vegetation preservation and care
3. principles of crime prevention through environment
4. riparian zones adjacent to waterways and other onsite stormwater controls as required by Section C4 Stormwater
5. urban heat Island requirements in Section B6 Urban Heat.

Related plans and reports are to be prepared and implemented by suitably qualified professions as outlined in the relevant section.  

Subdivisions of more than 50 lots

Visual Impact Assessment to: 

1. include a description and analysis of existing landscape character and its sensitivity 
2. identify existing visual catchment of the proposed development 
3. identify existing viewpoints and their sensitivity to change 
4. include 3D modelling and photomontages in accordance with Use of photomontages (Land and Environment Court, 2023)
5. assess magnitude of change
6. identify opportunities to avoid and minimise adverse visual impacts.

Refer to Guideline for landscape character and visual impact assessment - Environmental impact assessment practice note EIA-N04 (Transport for NSW, 2023). 

Land intended for environmental or conservation purposes

Vegetation Management Plan (VMP) 

Guidelines and checklists for VMPS are available in the Urban Forest Technical Manual (Appendices).

Standard Drawings and specifications for native garden beds and natural area interfaces are available on CN's website (A3000 Series).

The VMP is to be prepared by a suitably qualified professional, with a tertiary degree in Natural Resource Management or Environmental Science; or a Diploma in Land Conservation; and a minimum 4 years' experience.

C-1. Landscaping is in scale and context with the proposed development, street reserve width, other buildings, and landscape elements within the streetscape.

For example, it is not appropriate to plant a large tree in the front garden of a small terrace or to landscape a large industrial structure with ground covers.

C-2. Significant site vegetation and landscape features are incorporated in the landscape areas of a development and linked to local networks for open space and/or environmental lands where possible.

C-3. Adequate provision is made for planted buffer zones between major road and transport corridors and adjoining development as is shown in Figure C12.01 and Figure C12.02.

C-4. Vegetation management for the purposes of bushfire risk management or crime prevention through environmental design is accommodated within the site – not through the clearing, adjustment or management of vegetation on public land.

Vegetation management for private benefit cannot be imposed on adjacent public land. See Planning for Bushfire Protection (NSW Rural Fire Service 2019).

C-5. The location and design of on-site stormwater management controls and vegetated riparian zones in Figure C12.03 integrate with the design of landscaped plans.

C-6. Deep soil zones are optimised within a site by:

1. the design of basement and sub-basement car parking to avoid site coverage conflicts with tree planting – both existing and proposed
2. ensuring appropriate front and side setbacks are provided for tree planting
3. the soil profile is free draining
4. locating zones away from works, excavations, infrastructure, services and drainage pipes
5. locating zones near deep soil zones of adjacent properties.

That basements are completely within the building footprint. Where this is not practical, the extent to which basements protrude from the footprint of the building above should be limited in extent, and their location should not impede the retention of existing vegetation (both within the site and on adjoining properties) and, the provision of new landscaping, including trees of an appropriate scale.

C-7. Landscape treatment within the front setback is substantial enough to enhance the appearance and integration of the development with the streetscape.

C-8. Landscape design responds to user requirements, considering maintenance, health and wellbeing, aesthetic quality and social and recreational needs.        

C-9. Landscape design enhances the amenity and energy efficiency of the development where possible by providing shade to the northerly and westerly elevations of buildings in summer and adequate solar access in winter.

C-10. Landscape areas address privacy issues between the development and adjoining dwellings.

C-11. Plant species selected are suitable for site conditions, using native species where possible, and local indigenous species when adjoining environmentally sensitive sites, such as waterways and bushland. Undesirable species are not selected for planting.

See Urban Forest Technical Manual and Appendix B Landscape Technical Manual.

C-12. Plant species are selected and located to avoid structures, services and paths.

See Urban Forest Technical Manual and Appendix B Landscape Technical Manual.

C-13. A vegetated buffer is provided to reduce noise, odour and visual amenity impacts to conflicting sensitive land uses.

Sensitive land uses include, but are not limited to residential development, seniors housing, schools, hospitals, child care facilities, recreation areas, place of worship, community facilities. 

Controls (C)

Explanatory notes

C-1. All stages of subdivision and development are shown on the landscape plan.

For further information see application requirements. 

C-2. Landscape elements, including native vegetation, wildlife habitats and biodiversity corridors, and vegetated riparian zones are retained, conserved and enhanced.

C-3. Subdivisions are designed so that, when subsequently developed, visually significant vegetation or other natural or built elements are retained.

C-4. Proposals to subdivide visually sensitive or prominent areas address the visual impacts of development in the statement of environmental effects accompanying the application.

C-5. Natural drainage networks and waterways are carefully integrated into landscaped or environmental lands to provide a range of site responsive values while functioning as part of a stormwater drainage system

Controls (C)

Explanatory notes

C-1. Open space is included in the landscape plan.

For further information see application requirements. 

C-2. Public open space has frontage to roads, to provide for ease of access, allow for casual surveillance and assist with place making.

C-3. All dwellings within the subdivision are within 400m walking distance of parkland and within a 15 minute drive of a district level facility.

C-4. Land intended as open space takes into consideration:

1. size relative to the intended use and open space hierarchy
2. location having regard to the movement network
3. shape
4. topography and drainage
5. access to utilities
6. access to public transport
7. suitable road frontage.

CN reserves the right to refuse the dedication of land for open space if it considers it to be unsuitable.

C-5. Land is generally unsuitable for public open space or environmental lands if:

1. public ownership of the land would not provide a net public benefit
2. public ownership presents an unacceptable long term asset management burden on CN
3. the land contains or presents unreasonable risks to public safety (eg contamination, landslip or mine subsidence)
4. the land is unreasonably burdened by easements, restrictions, covenants or the like
5. any proposed management measures are not consistent with objectives for the land
6. the land’s location, size, configuration and maintenance access arrangements are not suitable.

CN reserves the right to refuse the dedication of land for public open space if it considers it to be unsuitable. 

'Net public benefit’ may involve consideration of financial, economic, environmental, biodiversity, social, health or climate risk and resilience factors.  

1. supports connections with riparian and biodiversity corridors and blue green grids at local and regional scales
2. is located and configured to protect the site’s biodiversity values and/or enhance the site’s conservation values
3. is of a size and configuration so that core higher value conservation areas are effectively buffered from edge effects and threatening processes
4. contains vegetated riparian buffer zones of adequate width
5. is separated from residential lots by a road
6. supports the ongoing protection and enhancement of the land’s environmental values and services is supported by an adequate vegetation management plan or similar.

C-7. All new pedestrian and bicycle networks connect into the broader network of proposed and existing pathways.

Refer to Appendix 1of Networks Maps of Newcastle Cycling Plan 2021-2030 for all existing and future cycle paths. 

C-8. Street tree spacing for the subdivision of new residential or industrial sites resulting in new roads: planting at 10 metre intervals is required:

1. where kerb and gutter is to be constructed
2. along the outer edge of all perimeter roads (i.e., no primary or secondary lot frontages), riparian crossings, public/drainage reserve frontages, and all roads or parts of roads with vehicular access prohibition
3. at one tree per lot for all primary frontages up to 20m width or otherwise at a maximum 10m spacings where lots have a primary or secondary frontage to a road where driveways are not prohibited.

Requirements for the protection and retention of existing trees, on both public and private property, is covered in section C3 Vegetation preservation and care. 

C-9. Timing for street tree planting for new residential or industrial sites, street trees that comply with C-8a and b (above) may be planted in association with the other subdivision works (i.e., prior to issue of a subdivision certificate for each Stage). Street trees that comply with C-8c (above) are not planted in association with other subdivision work but are to be deferred until 85% of the subsequent developments on the newly created lots have had occupation certificates issued or two years has elapsed from the date of registration of the respective lots, whichever is the latter.

Deferred street tree planting is preference as there is a great loss of new street trees due to builder or driveway construction or vandalism.

C-10. Bonding street trees in new residential or industrial sites - street trees that comply with C-8 and C-9 (above) (i.e., planted prior to subdivision certificate) will be subject to bonding arrangements. The subdivider is responsible, unconditionally, for any/all tree replacements necessary during the 24 month establishment and maintenance period and a financial security (bond) in an amount equal to 100% of the cost of supply, installation, establishment and maintenance of the trees and associated timber tree guards.

Controls (C)

Explanatory notes

C-1. Significant landscape elements are conserved and incorporated within the car park design.

1. at a rate of at least one shade tree per six parking spaces with an aim to achieve at least 50% shade cover of the area. Shade area is to be calculated from the estimated crown projections of a tree 15 years in age under suitable growing conditions
2. selected tree species are to develop a clean trunk height greater than 4.5m and a crown projection of at least 50m² to provide adequate shade and vehicle clearance
3. landscape plans detail the provision of sub-grade load bearing root vaults to provide suitable rooting volume for the required number of shade trees
4. root vaults provide passive irrigation shown on the landscape plan
5. where possible, trees should have supporting and companion vegetation (e.g., soft stem plants) planted at ground level.

Crown projection is to be shown on landscape plans. 

C-3. A landscape strip of between 1.5m and 3m is provided along the frontage to a street and/or other public space.

C-4. Canopy trees and different surface treatments, such as permeable paving and the provision of pedestrian access, reduce the visual impact of large parking areas.

C-5. Consideration is given to the following:

1. using contrasting paving to delineate pedestrian and vehicular zones
2. lighting for night use
3. using kerbs or wheel restraints to contain and define parking areas
4. using shrubs to screen cars from the street.

C-6. Clear sightlines are maintained between parking areas, public roads and paths.

C-7. Landscaping does not conflict with lighting services and casual surveillance of parking areas.

C-8. Trees and shrubs are positioned to consider crime prevention through environmental design principles so as not to block sight lines or create areas of concealment. They are to provide adequate sight distance on corners and intersections of roads and paths within the development to avoid safety hazards to motorists and pedestrians.

Controls (C)

Explanatory notes 

C-1. Development has the following minimum landscape and deep soil areas:

The deep soil zone is measured as a component of the landscaped area. This is to be clearly marked on plans. 

C-2. Deep soil zones must have a minimum dimension of 3m.

C-3. A landscaped area is provided in addition to private open space.

1. have a minimum dimension of 1.5m
2. be open to the sky, aside from the first metre if it falls under an awning, overhang, under croft (or similar) which may be included within the landscape area calculations where it forms part of continuous landscape area 3m wide or greater, with the remaining larger portion being open to the sky and the development is supported by a comprehensive landscape plan (i.e. ‘2m plus 1m’) see Figure C12.04
3. not include any building or structure including, but not limited to, features such as air conditioning systems, awnings, cubby houses, decks, fixed clotheslines, garden sheds, hot water systems, LPG storage tanks, patios, swimming pools, tennis courts, verandahs, water tanks (eg. rainwater), services and the like
4. be free of conflicts with infrastructure, services and drainage pipes
5. not have pervious or impervious paving wider than 1m.

C-5. A tree with a minimum mature height over 5m is provided per 300m² of the site. 

This control applies to any proposal for a single dwelling or ancillary development that will reduce the area of deep soil or landscaped area. 

C-6. Deep soil zones retain and accommodate healthy and significant trees on the site and adjoining sites and avoid being located in a trafficable area such as a side boundary that it is primarily taken up by pedestrian routes.

The location of landscaped areas should also reflect the need to retain canopy trees wherever possible and minimise the impact of development on trees on neighbouring sites or the public domain. 

C-7. Landscaping includes a combination of tree planting for shade, mid height shrubs, lawn and ground covers. Consider planting deciduous trees for maximum solar access in winter months, and shady, dappled light in summer.

C-8. Mature trees are to be retained wherever possible. 

See Section C3 Vegetation preservation and care for further information about vegetation removal. 

1. carports and garages
2. detached studios
3. secondary dwellings 
4. swimming pools.

See section C3 Vegetation preservation and care for further information on the definition of a declared tree. 

Controls (C)

Explanatory notes 

C-1. Landscaped and deep soil areas are provided as follows:

 The deep soil zone is measured as a component of the landscaped area. 

The achievement of minimum landscape area requirements takes precedence over excess site coverage or building to 100% or beyond the applicable maximum building envelope restrictions.

C-2. Landscaped area is provided in addition to private open space.

1. have a minimum dimension of 1.5m
2. be open to the sky, aside from the first metre if it falls under an awning, overhang, under croft (or similar) which may be included within the landscape area calculations where it forms part of continuous landscape area 3m wide or greater, with the remaining larger portion being open to the sky and the development is supported by a comprehensive landscape plan (i.e. ‘2m plus 1m’) see Figure C12.05.
3. not include any building or structure including, but not limited to, features such as air conditioning systems, awnings, cubby houses, decks, fixed clotheslines, garden sheds, hot water systems, LPG storage tanks, patios, swimming pools, tennis courts, verandahs, water tanks (eg. rainwater) and the like
4. be free of conflicts with infrastructure, services and drainage pipes
5. not have pervious or impervious paving wider than 1m.

C-4. A minimum 3m wide landscaped area is located along the rear boundary.  

C-5. A minimum 25% of the front setback is landscaped area. 

1. landscape features including existing trees
2. change of levels  
3. views.

C-7. Deep soil zones must have a minimum dimension of 3m.

C-8. Deep soil zones retain and accommodate healthy and significant trees on the site and adjoining sites and avoid being located in a trafficable area such as a side boundary that it is primarily taken up by pedestrian routes.

The location of landscaped areas should also reflect the need to retain canopy trees wherever possible and minimise the impact of development on trees on neighbouring sites or the public domain.

C-9. Landscaping includes a combination of tree planting for shade, shrubs, lawn and ground covers.

Crime prevention through environmental design principles for surveillance recommend keeping shrubs low enough to facilitate sightlines and avoid creating concealment spaces.

C-10. Mature trees are to be retained wherever possible.

Where trees or native vegetation are proposed to be removed, see section C3 Vegetation preservation and care. 

C-11. A minimum of one tree with a minimum mature height over 8m is to be provided per 400m² of the site.

C-12. Deciduous trees are planted for maximum solar access in winter months, and shady, dappled light in summer.

Controls (C)

Explanatory notes

C-1. All setbacks are landscaped where visible from a public place or adjoining or adjacent residential area.

C-2. The perimeter of all approved storage areas is landscaped.

C-3. In open parking areas at ground level, one shade tree per six spaces is planted within the parking area.

Refer to CN standard drawings A3000 series which can be found of the CN webpage

C-4. All industrial developments meet the following deep soil and canopy cover requirements:  

C-5. Deep soil zones retain and accommodate healthy and significant trees on the site and adjoining sites and avoid being located in a trafficable area such as a side boundary that it is primarily taken up by pedestrian routes.

1. the proximity of the development to public roads, railway lines, residential development and/or public places
2. the nature and scale of the development proposal
3. the extent and type of landscaping associated with existing development in the vicinity and the age of such development
4. the location of services.

Controls (C)

Explanatory notes

C-1. Planting on structures is designed for optimum conditions for plant growth by:

1. providing soil depth, soil volume and soil area appropriate to the size of the plants to be established
2. providing appropriate soil conditions and irrigation methods
3. providing appropriate drainage.

For development involving heritage items or heritage conservation areas identified under LEP 2012, a merit assessment will be undertaken to ensure the outcomes sought are balanced with heritage conservation outcomes. 

Refer to Section E1 Built and Landscape Heritage and Section E2 Heritage conservation areas.

C-2. Sufficient soil depth and area is provided to allow for plant establishment and growth as per Urban Forest Technical Manual.

C-3. Utilities such as plant rooms, lift overruns or air conditioning units are screened with plantings to improve the aesthetic quality of the development yet allow for ventilation.

Ventilation is essential to plant rooms and air conditioner compressor farms, and cooling.

C-4. Green roof and wall structures are to be assessed as a part of the structural certification for the building by a suitably qualified engineer. Structures designed to accommodate green walls should be integrated into the building facade including consideration of waterproofing.  

C-5. Where vegetation or trees are proposed on the roof or vertical surfaces of any building, a Green Roof or Wall Plan must be submitted. The Plan must demonstrate: 

1. adequate irrigation, reticulation and drainage is provided to ensure sustained plant growth and health and safe use of the space 
2. appropriate and diverse plant selection to suit site conditions, including wind impacts and solar access 
3. adherence to the objectives, design guidelines and standards contained in the NSW Department of Planning and Environment’s Apartment Design Guide for ‘Planting on Structures’.

C-6. Green roofs or walls, where achievable, should use rainwater, stormwater or recycled water for irrigation.

C-7. An instrument of positive covenant to cover proper maintenance and performance of the green roof and walls on terms reasonably acceptable to the CN should be registered prior to granting of the Occupation Certificate.